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| Panasonic Battery Several words to clarify the basic knowledge of VRLA batteries |
| Time：2019-03-04 Source：Panasonic Views：620 |
Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries are secondary batteries, which have the basic characteristics of ordinary lead-acid batteries. Therefore, the basic knowledge of general lead-acid batteries is the same as that of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. However, the English name of VRLA batteries is Valve Regulated Lead Battery (VRLA batteries for short). Its main characteristics are that it does not need to add acid and water to maintain during its use. The batteries are valve-controlled sealed structure and are designed with lean liquid. Therefore, it is not easy to leak acid and remove acid fog. There is a one-way automatic exhaust valve (also called safety valve) on the cover of the batteries. The work of the valve is not easy to leak acid and remove acid fog. It can be that when the gas volume inside the battery exceeds a certain value (usually expressed as standard gas pressure), that is, when the gas pressure inside the battery rises to a certain value, the exhaust valve opens automatically and discharges the gas. When the internal and external pressure are stable and balanced, the valve closes automatically to prevent air from entering the battery. Because it is valve-regulated, the structure of VRLA is different from that of ordinary lead-acid batteries. That is to say, the structure of VRLA batteries is somewhat different. Besides positive and negative plates, electrolytes, diaphragms, battery shells and caps, safety valves, there are also some parts, such as terminals, connecting strips, pole posts, among which safety valves and their liquid-poor electrolytes, AGM diaphragms are the three main components of VRLA batteries. Samples are different from general lead-acid batteries. As for performance parameters, the basic parameters are the same:
1. Open-circuit voltage and operating voltage
1.1 Open Circuit Voltage
The terminal voltage of the battery under open-circuit operation is called open-circuit voltage. The open circuit voltage of the battery is equal to the difference between the positive and negative electrode potentials of the battery.
1.2 Working Voltage
Working voltage refers to the voltage displayed in the discharge process after the battery is connected to the motor load, also known as discharge voltage. The original operating voltage of battery discharge is called the initial voltage.
The operating voltage of the battery is less than the open circuit voltage due to the existence of ohmic resistance and polarization overpotential after switching on the load.
2 capacity
The amount of electricity a battery can give under certain discharge conditions is called its capacity, represented by symbol C. The commonly used unit is ampere hour, referred to as ampere hour (Ah) or milliampere hour (mAh). The capacity of batteries can be divided into theoretical capacity, rated capacity and real capacity.
Actual capacity refers to the amount of electricity that a battery can output under certain conditions. It is equivalent to the product of discharge current and discharge time in Ah, and its value is less than the theoretical capacity.
Rated capacity, also known as guaranteed capacity, is the minimum capacity that should be released under certain discharge conditions according to the standards implemented by the state or relevant departments.
The theoretical capacity is the highest theoretical value obtained by calculating the mass of active substances according to Faraday's law. In order to compare different series of batteries, the common concept of specific capacity, i.e. the theoretical capacity per unit volume or per unit mass of batteries, is Ah/1 or Ah/kg.
3. Power and specific power
The power of a battery is the amount of energy given by the battery in a unit time under a certain discharge system, in W (watt) or kW (kilowatt). The output power of a unit mass battery is called specific electric power, in W/kg or kW/kg. Specific power is also one of the key performance parameters of batteries. A battery has a higher specific power, indicating that it can carry large current discharge.
Specific energy and specific power characteristics are key parameters in battery selection. Because batteries need to be matched with electrical instruments, instruments, motor and so on, in order to meet the requirements, first of all, the battery type should be selected according to the maximum power required by electrical equipment. Of course, the final choice of battery type also takes into account the factors of mass, volume, specific energy, temperature range and price.
4. Service life of batteries
Under specified conditions, the effective life of a battery is called the service life of the battery. Batteries can not be used because of internal short circuit or damage, and when the capacity does not meet the requirements of the standard specifications, the service life of the batteries will be terminated. The service life of storage battery includes service life and service life. Limit of use refers to the time when the battery is available, including the storage time of the battery. The life cycle refers to the number of times the battery can be reused.
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